Zipporah

BIBLE CHARACTER RESEARCH GUIDE

Zipporah in the Bible

Wife of Moses · Daughter of Jethro

Zipporah is the Midianite wife of Moses and a daughter of Jethro. She meets Moses during his exile from Egypt, bears his sons, and plays a decisive but difficult-to-interpret role during Moses’ return to Egypt.

AT A GLANCE

Zipporah at a Glance

TestamentOld Testament
Nationality / PeopleMidianite
First AppearanceExodus 2:21
Last AppearanceExodus 18:6
Known ForMarrying Moses, bearing Gershom and Eliezer, and circumcising her son during the journey back toward Egypt.
PRIMARY PASSAGES

Key Bible Passages About Zipporah

KEY PASSAGE

Exodus 2:16–22

Moses settles in Midian, marries Zipporah, and Gershom is born.

KEY PASSAGE

Exodus 4:24–26

Zipporah circumcises her son during a mysterious lodging-place incident.

KEY PASSAGE

Exodus 18:1–6

Jethro brings Zipporah and Moses’ sons to Moses in the wilderness.

BIOGRAPHY

The Story of Zipporah

Zipporah is one of the daughters of the priest of Midian whom Moses helps at a well after fleeing Egypt. Her father gives Zipporah to Moses as his wife, and she bears Gershom. Exodus 4 later records a brief and difficult episode at a lodging place in which Zipporah circumcises her son and touches Moses with the foreskin, after which the threat of death passes.

Exodus 18 indicates that Moses had sent Zipporah away with their sons and that Jethro later brings her, Gershom, and Eliezer to Moses in the wilderness after the Exodus. The biblical text gives little information about Zipporah after this reunion.

WHERE TO READ

Where Does Zipporah Appear in the Bible?

Exodus 2:16–22MAJOR APPEARANCE

Zipporah becomes Moses’ wife and bears Gershom.

Exodus 4:24–26MAJOR APPEARANCE

Zipporah circumcises her son during the journey.

Exodus 18:1–6MAJOR APPEARANCE

Zipporah is reunited with Moses in the wilderness.

BACKGROUND

Historical & Cultural Context

Zipporah is Midianite and belongs to the household of a priest of Midian. Her marriage places Moses within a Midianite family during his exile from Egypt.

READING THE TEXT

Literary Role

Zipporah’s limited appearances are strategically placed around Moses’ transition from fugitive shepherd to Exodus leader. Responsible interpretation of Exodus 4 should distinguish the text’s actions from uncertain explanations of exactly who was under threat and why.

WHY ZIPPORAH MATTERS

Character & Significance

Zipporah connects Moses’ years in Midian with his return to Egypt. The circumcision episode gives her a striking role at a critical transition in Moses’ mission, even though important details of the passage remain debated.

RELATIONSHIPS

Important People in Zipporah’s Life

Moses

Husband

Zipporah marries Moses during his years in Midian.

Jethro

Father

Jethro is Zipporah’s father and Moses’ father-in-law.

Gershom

Son

Gershom is a son of Moses and Zipporah.

Eliezer

Son

Eliezer is identified in Exodus 18 as another son of Moses and Zipporah.

TIMELINE

The Life and Story of Zipporah

Meets Moses in Midian

Moses assists Zipporah and her sisters at a well.

Circumcision Episode

Zipporah acts during a mysterious threat on the journey.

Reunion With Moses

Jethro brings Zipporah and her sons to Moses.

FOR STUDENTS

Research Questions About Zipporah

What happens in Exodus 4:24–26?

Describe only what the passage explicitly states before considering competing interpretations of the difficult pronouns and ritual action.

What does Zipporah’s Midianite identity add to Moses’ story?

Study Exodus 2–4 and 18 in the context of Moses’ exile and return.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Frequently Asked Questions About Zipporah

Who was Zipporah in the Bible?

Zipporah was the Midianite wife of Moses and a daughter of Jethro.

Who were Zipporah’s sons?

Exodus identifies Gershom and Eliezer as sons of Moses and Zipporah.

What did Zipporah do in Exodus 4?

She circumcised her son during a mysterious incident in which the LORD sought to kill someone in the traveling party.

Was Zipporah an Israelite?

The Bible presents Zipporah as a Midianite.

CITE THIS PAGE

Citing This BibleVerses.com Research Guide

Citation styles vary by instructor and institution. These are convenient starting points; students should follow their assigned style guide.

MLA-style starting point
“Zipporah: Life, Story, Bible Verses & Significance.” BibleVerses.com, https://www.bibleverses.com/people/zipporah/. Accessed September 30, 2026.
Chicago-style starting point
BibleVerses.com. “Zipporah: Life, Story, Bible Verses & Significance.” Accessed September 30, 2026. https://www.bibleverses.com/people/zipporah/.

When citing Scripture itself, cite the Bible translation and passage separately according to your required style.