After David’s emergence in Saul’s court, Jonathan forms a deep bond with him. First Samuel describes Jonathan loving David as himself and making a covenant with him.

Jonathan gives David his robe, armor, sword, bow, and belt. The gesture occurs while David’s success and public reputation are rapidly increasing.

Saul’s attitude moves in the opposite direction. He becomes jealous, suspicious, and eventually murderous toward David.

Jonathan initially struggles to believe that his father truly intends to kill David. David asks him to test Saul’s reaction during a royal feast.

The two devise a signal involving arrows. If Saul reacts peacefully to David’s absence, David may be safe. If Saul becomes angry, Jonathan will know the danger is real.

At the feast Saul’s anger confirms David’s fears. Saul even lashes out at Jonathan for defending him. Jonathan leaves grieving, recognizing that his father is determined to kill his friend.

Jonathan goes to the field and gives the agreed signal. After the accompanying boy leaves, David comes out of hiding. The two men weep together and reaffirm their covenant.

Jonathan tells David to go in peace, grounding their continuing bond in the covenant they have made before the LORD. David departs into the life of a fugitive, while Jonathan returns to the city and to a father whose kingdom is increasingly at odds with David’s future.