Barnabas

BIBLE CHARACTER RESEARCH GUIDE

Barnabas in the Bible

Early Christian leader · Missionary companion of Paul

Barnabas is an early Christian leader in Acts who encourages the Jerusalem church, advocates for Saul, serves the church at Antioch, and undertakes missionary work with Paul.

AT A GLANCE

Barnabas at a Glance

TestamentNew Testament
Nationality / PeopleJewish / First-century biblical world
First AppearanceActs 4:36
Last AppearanceGalatians 2:13
Known ForGenerosity, encouraging Saul, leadership at Antioch, missionary work with Paul, participation in the Jerusalem council, and support for John Mark.
PRIMARY PASSAGES

Key Bible Passages About Barnabas

KEY PASSAGE

Acts 4:36–37

Barnabas is introduced through an act of generosity.

KEY PASSAGE

Acts 13–14

Barnabas and Paul undertake missionary work.

KEY PASSAGE

Acts 15:1–39

Barnabas participates in the Jerusalem council and later separates from Paul over Mark.

KEY PASSAGE

Galatians 2:1–13

Paul refers to Barnabas in connection with Jerusalem and the Antioch controversy.

BIOGRAPHY

The Story of Barnabas

Acts introduces Joseph, whom the apostles call Barnabas, as a Levite from Cyprus who sells a field and gives the proceeds to the apostles. When believers in Jerusalem fear Saul after his conversion, Barnabas brings him to the apostles and recounts Saul’s encounter and preaching.

The Jerusalem church later sends Barnabas to Antioch. He encourages the growing community and brings Saul from Tarsus to help. The Antioch church commissions Barnabas and Saul for mission, and they travel through Cyprus and Asia Minor.

Barnabas and Paul participate in the Jerusalem council. Later they disagree sharply over taking John Mark on another journey. Barnabas takes Mark to Cyprus while Paul chooses Silas. Paul’s letter to the Galatians also mentions Barnabas in the Antioch controversy.

WHERE TO READ

Where Does Barnabas Appear in the Bible?

Acts 4MAJOR APPEARANCE

Barnabas is introduced in Jerusalem.

Acts 9MAJOR APPEARANCE

Barnabas advocates for Saul.

Acts 11–15MAJOR APPEARANCE

Barnabas leads at Antioch and ministers with Paul.

1 Corinthians 9

Paul names Barnabas while discussing apostolic support.

Galatians 2MAJOR APPEARANCE

Paul refers to Barnabas in autobiographical argument.

BACKGROUND

Historical & Cultural Context

Barnabas is a Jewish Levite associated with Cyprus. His ministry spans Jerusalem, Syrian Antioch, Cyprus, and communities of Asia Minor within the first-century Roman world.

READING THE TEXT

Literary Role

Barnabas is a major supporting figure in Acts 4–15 and appears briefly in Paul’s letters. Acts explains that Barnabas is a nickname given to Joseph and interprets it as ‘son of encouragement’ or consolation.

WHY BARNABAS MATTERS

Character & Significance

Barnabas connects Jerusalem, Antioch, Paul, John Mark, and the Gentile mission. Acts repeatedly portrays him as an encourager and trusted leader while also preserving moments of disagreement.

RELATIONSHIPS

Important People in Barnabas’s Life

Paul

Missionary coworker

Barnabas supports Saul/Paul and travels with him before their disagreement.

John Mark

Relative and ministry partner

Barnabas chooses Mark for ministry after disagreeing with Paul.

Peter

Fellow early Christian leader

Galatians places Barnabas and Cephas within the Antioch controversy.

TIMELINE

The Life and Story of Barnabas

Generosity in Jerusalem

Barnabas sells a field and gives the proceeds.

Advocates for Saul

Barnabas brings Saul to the apostles.

Sent to Antioch

Barnabas encourages the church and recruits Saul.

Commissioned for Mission

Barnabas and Saul are sent out from Antioch.

Jerusalem Council

Barnabas joins the deliberation over Gentile believers.

FOR STUDENTS

Research Questions About Barnabas

Why is Barnabas important to Paul’s early ministry?

Trace Acts 9, 11, and 13 before the later disagreement in Acts 15.

What does Acts mean by the name Barnabas?

Examine Acts 4:36 and how encouragement characterizes his later actions.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Frequently Asked Questions About Barnabas

Who was Barnabas?

Barnabas was an early Christian leader, a Levite from Cyprus, and a major missionary coworker of Paul.

Was Barnabas one of the Twelve?

No. Acts presents him as an important apostolic-era leader but not one of Jesus’ original Twelve.

Why did Barnabas and Paul separate?

Acts 15 says they sharply disagreed over whether to take John Mark on another journey.

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“Barnabas: Life, Story, Bible Verses & Significance.” BibleVerses.com, https://www.bibleverses.com/people/barnabas/. Accessed September 30, 2026.
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